Internal-combustion engine



July 3l, 1923. 1,463,586

v. w. -KL|EsRATH INTERNALMCOBUSTION ENGINE Filed Aug. 50. 1919 l 6 Sheets-Sheet l 45 5y 29 54 if@ Z6 l r5'/ C 40 2/44 f 45 N /m iii Z7 5,2 50

July 3l, 1923.

1,463,586 V. W. KLIESRATH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Ansi. 30. 1919 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 y 7 n W 430 42g 4 Y 44/ 442 4,23f w Y M Hh f3 oma@ July 3l, 1923. 1,463,586

v. w. KLlEsRATH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Aug. so, 1919 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 www WW Jufy 3l, 1923 1,463,586

v. w. KLIESRATH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Aug. 5o, 1919 6 sheets-Sheet 1 July 3l, 1923. 1,463,586

V. W. KLIESRATH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE l Filed Aug. 30, 1919 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 juve 11 to@ Vkd am. M @lionne/130 July 3l, 1923. 1,463,586

v. w. KLlE'sRATH INTERNAL IOLBUSTION ENGINE Flic/ alfa 30. 1919 6 .Shee'Ls-Sheei'l f" d Mnve nto/L 51? 'QQLM @Hou/m s f' n @kbd W Patented July 31, 1923.

UNITED STATES PATENTy OFFICE.

VICTOR W. KLIESRAIH.` OF EAST ORANGE; NEW JERSEY AS'SIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO CALIIB S. BRAGG. OF CINCINNATI. OHIO.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Application led August 30, 1919. Serial No. 320.806.

To IN1/hom il 111111/ 111/111111.'

Be it known'thut 1,1'11'1111: l\'1.11: 11.\'r11. :1 1i1iz1-n 111 111e 1'11111111 Stntw. redding :11 liant h'nnee. in Ille 1'111111t1 o1 l". 11x :11111 Stute 111 .`\'1\\ Jerey. l1:1\'1 111111111111 eer-1:1111 111111111111 11\el'11l l111111'o\'e11|ent. in Intel-11:11- (nnlmetion linginw: 111111 l 1111 1111111111' 1111- Cliue the lolhrwing 111 he :1 11111. elem. :11111 exuet 1.11151-'1111111111 11|l the i11\111t11111. -\111|1 11e will e1111l1l111tl1er y li1lle11 in 111:1:111 111 whieh 41t'01111111111141115111 111:1111- 111111 11H1- tl|1 #1111111.

This :1|111li1111i1111 i51115111111111111111111 1n 11:111 0f 11111v former :111111111111111 1111111 )1:11111 1;', 1111115111111 N11. :wim

In111e11111112111011111111 ilse 111l 111111111111 111111 hustion 1111,1 1'11115 1i 111111111 111 explohixe 1111xttu'e i5 itnitwl in 111e 1'11111l111 1i1111 11111111l1c1 o1' l1:1111l111\ in er111111111111111111111111 with the engine 1:11111111-1l o1' 11111111111'. 111111111111111 :1 51111111111:11111111111'111111 111111::111111'1111181 the 111%4 ton or pietonm 11111 to the 1':1pi11 11n-mation o1' 1:11'111- 1111111111 ol'gne 111'1111111-1-11 l1 the rfonihinntion 111' the explosive elnirgre. :11111 :11eo11111:111i1 11 l1 111e 1-111111111111 111 i1 1te11. 1A heut. l1 l`11ll11w 11111t :1.-11111p1.-t1111111 111s11111\ is or :1re 11| 111e1l 111111111111 11;' the 111111111'1 oli the gam. the prwsnre thereoly 1':1pi1|| 1111v4 erez1 11 :1h` 11111 size 111' the 111111l111 ti1111 11111111- bei' is i:111e:1 1^1l 111111111111111111111111 1111111` pi m ton or pistol. :11111 it 1111 :11511 heen 111111111 neeeefnr'r 111 eliminate :1 large [111111111111111 111- the 1111111 1111 r:11li:11i1n. in 11111111' to prevent overheating 111l 11111 1 .\li1111111' 111.111115. :11111 valws. :11111 :is :1 1-1111s11le1'11l11e :11111111111 111' lient is lost 111111111111 the exhaust. it is111 to1111111v in 1111 type ol e11gi1111- 111 n111t11|-st11 1-111111111 large 111:11n`4 11|` 1|11t:1l. in tl11 111111::1111111 of the evliinleie. 11| 1111111 to 1111111111111- the :11'1- Sorption :11111 1-:111111111111111' 1111 111111.111111 :11.11 to 11'11\'i11e :111111111111111 11n-1111s. s111111 :te water jneliets. :11111 1x1r1111111111` |1111i:1t111 11111111111111-11 therewith. or other eooling 1111111115 for the rapid 1:11li:1t11111 to the vzilinosplieie 111' :1 1111111 portion of the heut o1 the ignited 111111111.` whii'h is tl111 V dissipated :11111 lost. '111e 1111- jeet olI 111)| 111111111i1111 is to 11111111111 :1 11111111155 11111 111111111111115 for 111111111111111; 11 11u-ge portion oll the lient erolre1l in the combustion o1 the explmire 1h:1r,1 fe in internal combustion en t'inee. 111111 energy for the double purpose 11|' imi-easing the eflieieney of 111e engine. :11111 1'111- the eliiniinition of :1 certain proportion ofthe 11111111111 heat, which is thus 1-11111'1111'11 i11t11111111-; fy:1111l transmitted tothe 1'1":11111511111'1 11i the engine. In carrying out my invention. l injeet into the cylinder or 1^ \'li111|11|. 11|A 111111111511011 chamber or chamliers. :1t 11 point in the ovele of operation between 1h1- 1i1n1- of ignition of the explosive ehnrge :11111 111e 1in1e of exhausting the burntl gime :1 l111511111111j which will :ihsorh a con- `\11l1111l1l1 portion ofthe 11e-:1t ofthe explosive 1'l1:11g1-. :11111 by expansion. combustion, or 111h1 |\\i-1. i111'1'1-:11-e the pressure ofthe gases 111-1111111-1111 11.1" the ignition of the normal 11l::111 11. ther-e111' inereiising materially the 1111'111-1iv1- 1i-oke of the piston. :1nd preventing 11111 11111111 1le1-line of pressure which follows the ienit ion 11i' :1n ordinary explosive charge. 'l`111- 11l t:1nee whieh 1 prefer to inject into the 1yli111ler or eonihnstion ehaniher for the purpose .11eeifie1l, is water. which is prefer- :1l1l wai-1111111 to :1 poin1` somewhere near the boiling point. or 312'F1111renheit, :is water :1l1eorhe large (111:1111i1ies of latent heat in its eoiwersion into steam. and increases Very largely in volume sneh conversion. thereby 1xt1':11 1i11,1 1 heut from the ignited charge, while :11 the sinne tinte. i1 greatly inereuses 1h1- pressnre within the eylinder, :1nd therel1 \4 in :1 highly eflieient manner converts a 11n-Ie` portion of the heut of the ignited 1111111151: into useful energy. while lowering the temperature of 111e burning gases 11nd the surrounding parte. 111111111111 (hen: in eenv linelnent. l 111:11'. however. inject other s1111- Atenues 111' :1 15151111115. li1111i1l. or s111111 ehm-:1eter. in the s111111- niunner :11111 for the 5:11111l purpose. l"111-ex:1111ple` l 111:11' injeet 11 :$1111 1111111111111111 1'l1:1r,1 fe 111:111 explosive mixture of 1115115.11111 s111111] 11111111111)Y of li1111i1l explosive 111:11eri:1l. or water eontnining1 explosive 11111- 11111111. for exinnple piet-i1- 111111,1111 may injevt :1 inel)v 1li1'i1le1l :1111111 Sneh als, for ex- :1111ple. :1 tinel|\'11i\'i11e1l1111w1le1'11rpierieui'i'l or other explosive substance.

r1`he time in the eyele of the engine at which the injection of the extraneous heat nhsorhing 111111 presente forming material is injected muy he fixed with respeet to the sti-olie of the piston, or the time of injection may be regulated either manually or fiutornatically with respect to the stroke of the intein and if desired, it may also be reguliited with respect hoth to the stroke of the pistou and to the time ol' ignition. Sonie of the benefits and advantageous resulte` of my invention in the construction and operation of' internal combustion engines, may he stated as folloi\":-

lt will allow of using;r higher compres4 sions.

7). It will permit the burning' of lower grade fuel oils.

c. It. will permit the utilization of a greater extentin mechanical work of' the heet of the explosive charge developed in the cylinder or ilmvlinders, which is now Wasted through the exhaust and h v radiution.

o'. It will eliminate the necessity for at leest a large part of the cooling apparatus now neressarily employed in the operation of internal eombustion engines.

i. It will continue the pressure within the cylinder for a greater length of piston stroke. und lengthen the effective stroke of the piston.

f, lt will diminish the excessive lient iuftion upon the cylinder.` piston` and inlet nud exhaust ali-es whirh have hitherto heen to a great extent limiting` factors as t0 the amount of heilt which could he handled for the purpose of developing power in ex plosive combustion engines.

g. The motor will be more ileiiihle,` more free from vibration. and will have n more uniform torque.

fi. The motor will produce mole power per unit of cylinder Higher speede may he used for given ratios of eylinder dimension. Y

Radiating surfaces and external .cooling devices may he largely. iii-'not entirely, dispense-d with, owing to the eliiniiuitionof e large part of the lient evolved by the ignited charge and its conversion into power or energy.

It will also be understood that my iiiventioii is applicable to engines of one or more eylinders. and io engines operating upon either the four cycle or two ryele sys tem.

ln the accompanyingr drawings.

Fig. lrepresente diagrsiminiitieally an embodiment of niv invention npplieitto a one evlincler internal combustion engine. in which the -injeetion of the hea-t ahsorhinir and pressure producing material is elerteil lo) a pressure system under the eentrol it en elertroinaguetieally operated control valve operating in timed relation with the ignition mechanism.

Fig, 2 represents un enlarged view of one form oi injector for carrying out my iiivention, and the eleotroinagnetieally operated eontrol Fig. l,

Fig. I3 represents a one rylinder engine embodying iuy ii'ivention, in which thepressure applied to the injecter is eontrolled hy a valve ai-ting in timed relation with the en gine shaft and therefore independent of the ignition nieehanigrn.

Vig. Pf* is iin enlarged detail view of the forni of injeetoi and measuring chamber Shown. in eonneetion with Fig. 3.

Fig. 3l is a detail of the contro] valve.

Fig. l an enlarged detail view of a Siphoninp valve shown in Figs. l and 3 for supplying,r the injector with liquid either from the water jacket of the engine cylinder or from an extraneous source.

Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic representation of an embodiment of my invention similar to Fig. 1 in which the eleetromagnetieally operated valve rontrolling the injector is operativelwconnected with and operates 1n timed relation with the magneto which supplies rui-rent for the ignition.

Fig. 6 represents an embodiment ofiny invention Similar to Fig. 1 in which the electrie circuit controlling apparatus for the inieeor is operated in timed relation with the engine. but independently of the ignition niec'hunism.

liig. "i" represents a modifieation of the injet-tor and its ronti'ollin,"r meelianisni, iii whieli the pressure System is controlled by a valve operated mechanically by a part ennnerted with the, engine. and in timed relation therewith, without the use of an electi'oniiignetiicontrol for such vulve.

Fig. 8 represents another modilieution of the injector in which the pressure System illustrated in connection with the other and preeeding figures is dispensed with and the pressure ueeessar)` for injection supplied inerhziiiii-ally by means of :i plunger operated inerhiiniriilly hy and in timed relation with the part eonneeted with the engine.

Fig. i) iS a i'ieiv similar to Fig. 1 ehowiner the injector located in the Cylinder head. and also showing eleeti'oniiigneticallv eontrolled means for independentlb`- adjuetintlr the timing of the ignition and of the operi tion oi' the injeetor.

l'ig. l!) is zi detail view similar to Fig.

Valve therefor. as shown in 5 showing the in ieitnr in the rfvlinder head,

and electroiuag'netirallv eontrolled, and ii magneto eoinhined therewith und ioiistruf-ted lo enahle the time of ignition :ind injee tion to he simultaneously advanced or retarded.

Fig'. l1 iS ii view :similar to Vig. ll showing; menne for simultaneously admin-ing or retzirding the time of ignition and injection and also means for Separately and independently adjusting the timing of either or liotlit Fig. l2 is a detail view of an injector of lll) ' turc or apertures 28.

(itl

the type shown in Fig. 8 showing thel electromagnetic control apparatus arranged to directly actuate the injecting plunger.

llcerring to Fig; l of the accompanying drawings, which illustrates one embodiment of in f invention selected by ine for purposes of il ustration, 1 represents an engine cylinder, 2 the piston working therein, 3 the crank case, 4 the crank shaft, 5 a crank, 6 the con nectinlg rod from the piston to the crank, 7 the in et valve, 8 the exhaust valve, 9 and 10 the com shafts operatively connected with the engine shaft by gearing indicated diagranimatically in dotted lines and provided respectively with inlet, and exhaust cams 11 and 12, for actuating the inlet and exhaust valves through the usual rods 13 and 1-1 and levers 15 and 16. 17 indicates the spark plug connected by Wire 18 to the secondary coil '19 of the s ark coil, having a primary winding 20, bot windings being connected to ground by wire 21 through the separable contacts 22 of a periodic interrupter havino a cani 23 on or driven by one of the cam shafts 9 or 10j(in this instance the shaft 9), as is diagmmmaticidly illustrated in Fi 1, the primary Winding 2() being connecte by' wire 24 to a batte 25, which is in turn connested to grounii The forego-ing parts i represent a simple and known form of a one cylinder internal combustion engine 1n connection with which it. will he convenient to describe the application of my invention thereto. ,i

At some point, referably in the side wall of the cylinder 1 between the extreme inner and outer positions of the piston therein, as may he desired, I locate 'my improved injector nozzle 26, one form of which is shown enlarged in Fig. 2. The evterior ol' the nozzle is preferably threaded so as to he screwed into a thrcadei'l aperture in the cylinder Wall in substantially' the same man ner in which the spark plugs are ordinarily inserted in the cylinder head, and where a water jacket is employed in connection with the cylinder, as shown in Fig. 1 for example, the nozzle 26 will preferably be :nude of inliicient length so that its inner end will he .lliuost in line with the inncr faces of thc index walt The nozzle 2G is provided Y. i iin internal chandler 2T und is also pro vided nl; its inner end with u discharge apex' l prel'cr lo pr'ovidc tho inner end oi' the nozzle with a plurality ol' discharge apertures ol' ver) line horn. disposed :it increasing inclinations to the axis of the nozzle from the center outward towards the periphery so that the 5liquid or other material in icclcd shall hc sprayed into the ignited churn'e :it the proper time ibi/as illicitv divided and separated condition as possible. so to instantly absorb heat therefrom und he converted into steam or las @ons forni. At its outer end the nozzle is provided with a vulvcd measuring' chnmlier 29 with which the injector pussunc 2T coni niunicates by u small aperture Ill nornnill)v closed by :i ball chef-li vulve 31 actuated hy a spring 32. The measuring chamber :5U provided with an inlet or siphoning port 233 and with a pressure inici port 84. cach of which communicates with :1 threaded nipple. and the chamber itself. which is c vliudrieul in form. and is provided with u piston vulve 35 having r an annular groove 2&6 surrouinlin; T the salue, and u longitudinal lion or pus- Sage 37 communicating with suid groove by a transverse passage 3H. the snid :mnulnr groove being adapted to register with the pressure inlet port 2H when the vulve is in its innermost position. said port bein;r closed hy the piston valve when the vulve in its rev tractcd position.

In the form of invenlion shown iu Figs. 1 and 2. the piston vulve 35 is adapted to he actuated by nu electroinuguctic control de vice which comprises in this instance :i solcnoid 39 provided with an urrunture core l0 direclly connected to the valve hy :i stciu ll. n retracting springr 4:2 surrouiulin; r said stein being employed to retract the valve. thc outer position ol' the valve licingf rcgulalcd hy a sct screw lll in a cap 44 secured to the outer cud of thc solenoid casing which is in turn conveniently applied by nii-uns of Screw I,hrcuded portions. to thc outcr cud ol the vnlvcd measuring chamber. As shown. thc solenoid is connected by n wire 45 willi the huttcry 25 through normally scpnrnlcd contacts 413ml?. the movnhlc contact 4T heilig carried on a com ncluuled lever `l-H. nclunlcd by a projection on cuni 23. which also opcrates the contacts of the pcrioilic inlcr ruptcr ofthe ignition circuit. 'l`hc lcvcr 4H is so located' willi rcspccl lo thc cnul i that Hll lnll

:1 circuit through thc solenoid fill will hcv mudo at thc desired period :1 ltcr the opcrn; tion of thc igniter lo fire thc chui-nc. which interval muy lic inndc moril or lcss :is dc: sired. The cum projections on thc cam Ql for operatingr lhc ignition contacts and thc injcclor conlncls will lic urrungrcd on thc cuni, out ol' nlignnicnt with cach other. so that euch projcction will ucluzitc oul v thc nioviililc contact oi' lhc puit' for which it is spcciully provided. :is will he rcndily understood.

ln thc embodiment ol" my invention shown in Figs. 1 und 2, l have shown a pressure system l'or applying pressure to the injector nl the desired linie in the cycle of thc en` ygine. This pressure system, as shown in Fig. 1. comprises a pump or compressor, indicated at 5U, driven from the engine, in this instance from the cum shaft lll by gearing indicated in dotted lines and arranged to compress fluid, as air into an equulizinpr chamber 51, connected with the compressor 50, the equalizing chamber being connected llU Lil)

-that from two hundred and fifty pounds per square iurh upwards is ample for the purpose ot inici-ting a liquid into an ignitflcharge. against the pressure thereof, and in sonic euses a much lower pressure may be employe d.

The liquid to he injected in this case is water. and may he convenientlv obtained either from the water jacket. in which case it will lie obtained under a fairly high ternperature. or it may be obtained from an extraneous reservoir such as is illustrated, for example. at and l prefer to employ the three-way .si phoning cock so that the water may he super-lied to the injector in either way. although this is not necessary. The liquid conti-nts of the tank or reservoir 53 may be heated in any desired way if desired. l have shown the tank 53 surrounded by a heating coil 53 through which the heated water from the water jacket of the engine may hc circulated. the circulation pipes being provided with valves 53 and 53 so thai the circulation can be stopped when it is not. desired to prclicnt the injected liquid. ln this instance represents the three-av roch which is illustrated in dev tail in Fis., l. ilu said cock being connected at :31's to the water jacket and by a pipe 56 to the nipple communicating with the water inlet poriV ll of the valve measuring chainher, lilac pipe 553 is preferably provided with a hall chi-cli valve 5T. Thcsiphoning valve fs-l is -onnrcled hy a pipe 5S with the tank 53. the pipe fui' being also preferably connected bjr a pipe 59 to the bottom of the radiator (not shown). and for the purpose ol applying additional pressure to the surfarc of the water in the tank 53q I prefer tb i--onnect it with the exhaust passage ot' the engine hf; means of a pipe (SO. and adjustable check valve (il. The three-way cock 54 may be set so to take water from the water jacket or from the tank. or both as muv be desired. und in ease the water is taken rom the water jacket, it will he replaced into the radiator lav means ot' the. branch pipe 5l) from the tank Als a matter of fact, the amounts required to be injected are very small.

In the operation of the embodiment of my invention shown in Figs. 1 and 2 in which the engine operates on a four cycle svstcin. a normal charge of explosive mixtiire is drawn into the cylinder through the inlet valve, is compressed in the usual inanner, and ignited, effecting the ignition of the chargeA and imparting the customary impact to the cylinder. which commencesthe outward stroke. At the predetermined period after the ignition takes place and before the piston reaches the end of its stroke, the cam 23 will close the cin'buit through the battery and solenoid 39, here by causing the core and the connected valve to more inward. The n'ieasuring chamber 2U will be filled with water from the water jacket or the tank 53, the water being warmed to a temperature approximating that of steam and the forward movement of the piston valve 35 will force this water into the chamber 2 in the nozzle. When the valve 35 is moved far enough to bring the annular groove 3G into registration with the pressure inlet port 34, the accumulated pressure in the pressure equalizer 5l of the pressure system will enter said groove and pass through the transverse aperture 38 and the longitudinal passage 37 in the valve. and thence into the injector nozzle`r forcing the water in the form of a line spray through the distributing ejector passages 28, into. the ignited charge. The finely divided water particles are instantly converted into steam, absorbing a large quantity of heat. from the ignited charge, and greatljv increasing the pressure at the time within thc cylinder, which has been somewhat reduced by the outward movement of the piston` and imparting this increased pressure to the piston` thus converting the absorbed heat into energy and lengthening the effective stroke of the piston. as previously set forth. As soon as the controlling contacts Gu-47 For the magnet, separate. the spring l2 will withdraw the valve 35. thus closing the pressure passage. The ball valve 31 of the injector being seated as the valve withdraws, water for the next injection, in measured quantitj1 will be drawn by suction through the pipe 5G and water inlet port 33 into the measuring chamber 29. when the parts are in position for the next operation following the next ignition of an explosive charge in the engine cylinder.

In Figs. 3 and 3 I have shown an embodiment ot' my invention which differs somewhat in the manner of controlling the admission of pressure to the injector. The parts shown in Fig. Il which are identical with those shown in Fig. 1 are given the same numerals plus one hundred, as cylinder 101` piston 10Q. etc.. and the igmton mechanism for controlling the supply of current to the spark plug. which may be of any preferred type, is omitted in Fig. 3. In this instance the electromagnetic control for the pressure valve is dispensed with, and the injector nozzle 126 is provided with a measuring chamber lZSL havingr therein a movable piston valve 135 normally held in its outermost position by spring 142. In this outer position the valve 135 closest/n by pass 134 communicating with the wa' er inlet port 133 and the pressure is admitted by pipe 152 from the pressure equalizer 151 directly in rear of the piston valve 135. so as to actuate the saine. The pipe 15:2 is provided with a out oli' valve 14R normally closed. and adapted to he operiert hy a ouin 149 on a shaft driven hy the engine and in timed relation therewith. in this instant-e located on the shaft ol' the.l Compressor ll), which is driven at the same peei| :1S the cam shaft lll) of the engine. hut such rain may he located on an}v other shaft and driven in proper time l'rom the engine. 'hen the out ntf valve 14% it.; open. the pres sure fluid will he plaf-ed in rommunieation with the valve Ineamrin;r rhaniher of the' iiijertor. driving the piston valve lli forl ward. l onipi'e sing the spring. and unrovorlng: lu' h v paf-s 134. and expelling the water and other fluid iu the measuring; rhauilar 129 into the nozzliI rhainher 1:37. .is soon as th(` h v pass is unc-overerl. the preesure fluid is admitted to thil inlet port fii. and thenre to the nozzle. so as to injffrt the fluid into the ignited ellarge. in thiI manner hereinhefore desi-rilu'il with reti-retire to Figli. l. As soon as the valve llt# is permitted to rlose (a retiaetiny r spring not Shown heilig employed for thisy purpose whirh normally maintains the valve in eloeed position), the piston valve 135 iS .retracted h v its spring i12. closing: the by pase lfl. and drawing a fresh Charge of Water or other fluid from thiwater jacket or from the external Water tank 153. as the oase muv he. according to the position ot' the threfhivay siphoning roch.y ln Fig. 3 the press-irre reservoir is provider] with a gang `to ind'iirme the pressure employed, and such a gauge may he used in any of the forms of my invention in which pressure is: employed, if desired. The rut oli' valve 148 is provided with means for exhausting the pipingr between the valve and the meaeuring chamber as .Hoou an it is returned t0 closed position, a cut ntf valve mutable for the purpose being shown in Fig. 3". The exhaust lissage is here indicated at 1.48. It will e undervQtood that. h v adjusting the cam 149 with respect to its shaft, for which purpose a. Set sii-ren' i451 is shown in Fig. 3, for example, the interval hetween the ignition of the normal rharge and thel introduction of the fluid or other material into the cylinders can he regulated.

ln Fig. l have illustrated more or lees diagrunimati(1ally a modifi'uition of the partel schmvn in Fig. 1. in whii-h the Same l'orin of injector nozzle. valve measuring vhumhor, and elertromagnetic control 'for the valve is shown `in i'oniur-tion with :l magneto for supplviing rurront to the ig- 'litri'. and also the l@aid electromagnetic valve operating merino. ln this liguri the` parts which eorriwpond with those in Fig. l have heen giron tlu- Saure numerals plus the spark. The timing lever will preferablyV lu providod with a separate Aani in a Inanner similar to that shown in Fig 1, ont of alignment with that ot" the interruptor earn or rams for opi-ratintr a movahle i'ontai-,t (not shown). to :naini and break the cilyruit through the wire 245. and offert the antuation oi' the solenoid. The lnerhanisln Shown in Fig'. 5 arte prerisely like that with reference to Figs. l. 2. and Si. cxiept that the euri-ent' for ignition and for actuating the rontrolling valve of the injector mechanism is supplied hv a magneto. an auxiliary liatterlv 22B-*i hein;r employed for starting. and :is the application of niv invention in this manner will he apparent to those skilled in the art. l have not herein specifically villuerratf-rl the slight r'hange required in the magneto. i. e.. the additional circuit breaker on the armature Shaft. and r'ontaets` as the name will he readily understood.

In this Construction. as .in the` eonstruotion shown in Fig. 1. the injertor will he aotuated in a predetermined relation to the ignition. but the ignition may he advanfed or retarded simultaneously with the operation of the injer-tor. whereas in the form of in v invention shown in Fig. 3. the timin of the injector action ean he adjusted indipendentiy of the time. of ignition. and my invention is as applir'ahle in the one rase as in the other.

In Fig. 6 I have shown another slight modification of my invention. in which the timing of the ignition is independent of the timing of the injector mechanism. ln this figure l have shown more or less diagranr matirallj,F a one cylinder engine. the parts r'orresponding to those in Fig. 1 being given the same numerals plus 300. as the evlinder 301. Piston 5102. vtr.. Tn this figurer] have shown the same form of injector mechanism as is shown in Figs. 1. 2, and 5, with the eleetromaffnetirally operated valve for rontrollin;r thi admission of pressure, but in 17in. t3 l' have ilisassociated the valveeontrolling nua-hanisni from the ignitionmechanient. "Phrignition meehanism Shown in Fig. (l is prerisely the same as that shown in Fig, l. and operates in the Same Well known manner. Tn this instance, however, l have shown a separato ram 323* adjustalily v1r-unal to the r-am Shaft 310 for rnwrating the inovahlil rontaot lever 348 r'ariying the nuwalile r'onlai't 34T which is siivli i mchimical actuatinn nf flu? injwm' '-izmti'nl- 1,4aa,sse

am the first, to produce the herein described process and apparatus by which a quantity of material, aseous. or liquid. as the ease may be. capa le of absorbing heat and producin increased ressnre is injected into the cylin er or cylintlrs of an internal combustion engine between the ignition of the nor mal charge of explosive material and the end of the piston stroke produced thereby. and to provide means where desired for regnlating the time of this injeetion with respeet to the time of ignition` or with respeet to the position of the piston. or hoth. and these features l broadly elaim.

I wish it also to he understood that my invention ie equally applicable to high rompresaion internal eomhuetion enginw` lor example, of the Diesel type. in whii-h ease Vthe pressure employed for in ieeting the water-or other material into the ignited charge whether produeed h v pri-ure fluid or by mechanieal :it-tion. or otlwrwiee. will he Sulliciently high to overrome the in creased pressure of the ignited wlmi- 11e will in sueh high rompiwsion engine i-lvlinder.

'here the water or other lil|nid to he injected into an ignited rharge ol' evplosiw material is olitainedtrom an external supply tank or reservoir. it ma;Y he preheated hy any desired means. as hy am f nes from the exhaust. or othern'iw. lfu ex=1mple. in Fig. l l have shown the tank Srl pro vided with the heating eoil 53". wohnort-ed in thisl instance to the n'ater iaelnl ol' tluI engine rylinder and provided with i-ontrollin,r valves 5ft" for rotting it out when ith` use is not, deeired. laut il will he under-total that any other mean` of 4preherltini! the water in the tank may he employed.

In Fig. 9 have shown an embodiment of my invention in whieli the in iei-tm nozln4 located in` thehead of the r'yvlinder ultimas indieated at 626. and provided with the liquid measuring rhamher GQ!) and -eler-romagnetie r'ontrol deviee Gflfl. similar to thomshown in Figs. l and Q. for example The spark plug indieated at til? is lot-ated in this instaure in the side of the evlinder hut. it may also he loeated in .the evlinder head if desired. Tn this figure :l have shown independent` means` for advanr-ing and retarding the time of ignition and the time of injeetion of liquid. 623 represents the ignition eem on the eam shaft 600. and the Sepa rahle eontnets 622 nre Shown loeated.: on n dise 652 eonee'ntrie with the ram r#haft and rotatable hy n"means of a hand lever 650 whieh may he looked in adjusted position hy means of a pawl engaging a stationarv locking Segmenttil. lt will lie understood that, other usual or preferred menne for advaneing or retarding the spark mav he em ployed. The primariv windinr of the inniY tion merhflnism iS indif'zited :it Hill'. the @er ondarywinding at G19, and `the hatlerv al' 625. In this figure l have. shown the ram shaft 610 provided with a 0am i322 for eloe ing the eireut through the elertromagneie control d'eviee for the injeetoi'. and the separable contaets 134V are eluuvna lorateil on a disc (353 eoneentrie with the rain shaft and adjustable rotatahly hy menue of a hand lever G54 wrijving a pawl engaging: a lurking segment 655. tromagznetie i-ontrol derive is hnlieaud ai (32:38. and (H5 reprewnts ilnwire eoimerting one ol the vontaeh (146 with the `wlenoid of the eleetromagnetie rontrol devire,

lt is highly important that the time oi' injeetion ot' the liquid as before dewiihed may he varied with resin-nt to the ti-olie of the piston and with respert to the time of ignition. so as to Secure the heet results un der verving load eonditione, ll' the luier-- tion follows too eloselv the ignition of the ehnrge it may interfere with the romplete eomhuetion of the charge of evplosive matev rial. and if it is delayed too long the heueiir-ial reenlts of the liquid in augmenting: the pressure in the n vlinder and ineieasing the efleienti` of the piston stroke will he impaired.

Vl'itli the eonstruetion .Qhown in Fig. 9. for example. the timing of the inieetion ran he aeeuratelv regulated with respect to the time of ignition to .eef-ure the hes-t` results under all load eonditions and the timing of either or hoth ofthe ignition and injeetion may;Y he varied from time to time as the load londition Valdes.

lo Fig. lll l have Shown a eonsti'uetion eimilar to that Shown in Fig. 5. ex'eept that the inieetor here indieated at 726 ie loeatfd in the eylinder head. ln this inet-.snee a magneto T20 furniehee the eiirrent for hoth the ignition and the eleetromagnetie rontrol for the injer'tor through nire` Titi nud T45. extending reepeetively to the spark plug 7l?. and the eleetromagnetie r'ontrol devire T39. the injeetor hein!! eonstrurted and operating as shown in Fig. i?. The timing le ver 723 earries two rams. forming! parts of periodie interrupters of well known eonstruction for produeingY `eleetrie impulses in the wires 719 and 745 at the proper times, the magneto heiner driven in timed relation to the engine in env usual or preferred manner. The timinflr lever is shown connected hy aA link or rod 750 with a eontrol lever 72,51 whieh may he held in adiusted position by pawl 753 and segment 752. 'Bv moving the timing;r lever the timing of the ignition and the inieetor ma)v he simultaneously ad? raneed or retarded. as will he readily undei* Stood.

ln Fig. il `l` have shown another moditienton of my invention whieh iliustratee one wav in whieh the timing ofthe ignition and iniertion naar he Simultaneously ndvnneed or retarded. while at the same time The batteri for the eine`v i Cit the timing of the ignition and` injection may also be independently adjusted. In this figure 801 is the `cylinder in the head of Whieh is shown. the injector 826, construeted nud operating as shmvn in Fig. .2 :1nd provided with liquid measuring chamber 8&2!) supplied with liquid either from a tank S53* or the water jacket, according to the position of the. valve S54". and pressure for iuA jeeting the liquid `being supplied h v n pump 850 and equalizing chamber 5451*. in the manner indicated and described with refer ence to Figs. l and The electroumgnetic control device for the injector is as shown in detail in Fig. 2, and inf-hides n Solenoid for admitting the Huid preesnre to thtl meneuring chamber. Said Solenoid being connected by wire 845 to one of the separable contacts R46 mounted in this instance ou zi disc or segment' S53. concentric: with the rum Shaft 809. cnrrving the actuating cuna 22. The disc or segment R53 is provided with :in adjusting lever S54. and a panl S54 which engages locking notches in an adjuqtzdlle disc or segment 960.

The Spark plug til? is onnectcd hy nire S15- with the secondary Winding Rif) of the ignition mechanism, thc priumrf: win-.ling ol which ie indicated at 820. The prinmrjr Winding i5 connected to the battery and both windings are grounded through sepurahle eontacte R22 carried on a disc or segment concentric with the cam shaft 909, and adjustable h v means of :1 lever 850. which can he locked with respect to the disc or segment S60. h v a. paw] R50 engaging notches 851 in disc or segment 860, The disc orl segment RG() is adjuetnhle together with :ind Simultaneously with Segments F and F552. by means of a hand lever 861. cnrrying a pan'l S62. engaging :i notched staitionnry segment 863. B v this menus the, t.imy

ing of the ignition and injection may he separately :ind independently advanced or retarded until the highest efficiency for n particular engine load is obtained and there' after the lever 861 will enable the operator to simultaneously advance or retard the time of ignition and injection to meet variations of lond and engine Speed.

"In Fig. i2 I have illustrated another slight modification of my invention in which the injector nozzle indicated at. 926, is provided with a measuring Chamber 92?. provided with the siphoning port. 93?, connected to the liquid supply and having a piston 935 for forcingthe measured quantity ot liquid into the cylinder at the proper time under theaction of an electromagnetic device. The piston 935 is provided with a stem 936 extending outside of the einuniaer and prnvided with n retracting spring 93T.

939 represents the solenoid provided with un armature core` 940, u ml retracting spring and a stem 941, connecting the armature core with :i heli rriinlt lever one. :i which :acts upon the pistou #tem torce` the pieton .'ti 'mum liquid. when the solenoid core i." ln Sonic ii'a-t.z1:|cc, l now Ecrin thin` vonntruction in which the elm nctic devil-c directly illefts lhc in! liquid instead of operating :i wlw L .i :a preeeure tiuid for the giuri-row :in eht-nii in other figures ot' the drawings,

l. ln :in internal rouihuetifV vided with n cylinder andi ma. :iwi rimini Huilliying and ignition zur miemA un; independent oi' the nm'nrul chai-gc numiijrir" mecl'iunisu for introducing into the at a point in the cycle of the engine v the ineitnnt et' ignition ot u nnrnm :in'l the and ofY the pieton Strider i thcrchjr, :.1 quuntity of niutciiul upside .d nhsru'hing heat friuli the ignited cl'izaigc-aiiifl increasing the preneur-e thereof. iurhsd :uljuntnhlr 'menus for Varying the tmi the :idmimii-n of enid mntcriui Ywith f to the pieton ile-tween its inner und positions'. u'iufrehy the timing nt the Sion ot ,Quid material muy luir sidra retarded. with respect to the nouer ot the pieton,

i. ln :ln interim] cruni'iustion engine 3roi'ided with :i cylinder :ind piston, and .'lzzirgn supplying nud ignition nieclizinieni. menne iiidenciulcut of; the normal charge Sunprii mechonieiu for ii'itroduring into the cjiiim. :it fx point' in the rele ot' the engine osthe point oi ignituin mi" ii normal chaff the end of the pislon stroke clecteii al qunntitv in" mz'iterinl "ilsntfie :if iin ir heilt from the ignited charge and incr:Vrv .i the prceeure thcrcoi iuriuding :.iiiiusia ruf-imA For varying the timing ot 2li l V iou of said material. :i greater- (nik. tent after the ignition of the normal charge 34 ln :in internal comhuetion engine im@ 3112 vided with :i cylinder :ind pislon. etuis-f supplying :1nd ignition sncelniniwn niet justiihlc timing mfichunisstix for the mechani u. nieuw; indeiwndent ott Snppljirf niet-humain tur intimi the eyiiin er at, a 'point in the cvcl engine liet'wcen the point ni ignition normal elmrge und the enti nl' the strokeetieeted thereby. u quantite.' fit maite rial capable of aitisorhing heat triun the nited charge. and increasing the tiren ure thereof. including adjustable means for zeirancing ir rctzirding the time of wir Sion of Said mate-fini, whereby both the of ignition'enti the time at minifiiui; material can varied with resa, piston stroke. y 4. ln an internal combustion vided. with u cylinder and piftnin y. supplying and ignition meclrianiisnn mmm: i.'

lil

i murine prnindependent of the charge supplying mechanism l'oiy introducing into the cylinder at a point in the cycle oi' the engine between the point el ignition of a normal charge and the end ot' the piston stroke eil'ccted thereby, a quantitiv olI material capable of absorbing heat troni the ignited charite, and increasing the pressure thcreo t', xiv-ani. for vaiving the timin; r of the ignit ion mecliiinisin, and means for Varlin;Y the timing ol' `thc admission of said material. with respect to the time nl' ignition, n c

:3.- ln an internal combustion engine provided with a cylinder and piston, aiul charge. formingr and ignition iiieclianisiii, an iniector nozzle independent of' tliecliarge forming mechanism communicating@with the cylinder. means for supplying a quantity ot'liquiil to said nozzle, mechanism for inici-tim:r theV liquid in said nozzle intfo the rilinder, electromagnetic controllingi mechanism for .said injecting mechanism. al circuit for said electroiiiaenetic controlling mechanism, and means operating: in timed relation with the engine for closing said cirduiL i3. lu an internal coiiiliustion engine provided with a c vlinclei and piston, and charge loi-ming and ignitioninei'haiiisin. an injector nozzle ciininiunicating with the cylinder. means` independent olr the charge terminer mechanism for sul'iplying; a qiiaiitit)1 of liquid to .said nozzle. mechanism for inject ing: the liquid in said nozzle into the cylinder. electromagnetic controlling: mechanism for ,said injectiuer mechanism. a circuit for `said electromagnetic controlling mechanism. adjustable means operable in timed relation with the engine for closing said circuit, and

means i'or advancing and rctarding the operation ol said adjustable means with respect to the cycle ot the engine.

T. In .an internal coinlnistion engine provided with a cylinder and piston. and cliarge 'forming and ignition mechanism. an injector nozzle communicating with the cylinder, means independent of the charge forming mechanism 'for supplyingr a quantity of liquid to said nozzle. mechanism for iniecting the liquid in said nozzle into the cylinder` electromagnetic controlling mechanism for saidiinjecting mechanism, a circuit for said electromagnetic controlling mechanism, adjustable means operable in timed relation with the` engine for closing Said circuit, means for. varyingr the timing of the ignition mcchanislit` and means for varying the timing of saldi adjustable circuit closing means for the injector operatingr mechanism.

8.` ln aninternal combustion engine provided with cylinder and piston and charge forming;r and ignition mechanism, an injector riozzlei eomllifiunicating with the cylinder, means indeuendent of the charge forming mechanism lfor supplying a quantity of liquid to said nozzle, means separate from and independent of the liquid supplyymeans, for supplying fluid pressure to said nozzle, for iiqecting said liquid into the cylinder, a normally closed valve interposed between the lluid pressure supply and said nozzle, and meansl tor openingl said valve at a point in the cycle of the engine between the igni tion of a normal charge and the end of the piston stroke effected thereby.

il. in an internal combustion engine provided with a cylinder and piston and charge toi-mmcr and ignition mechanism; an injector nozzle communicating with the Cylinder, means independent of the charge termin mechanism for supplying a quantity 0 liquid to said nozzle. means separate from and independent of the liquid supplyin means. for supplying fluid pressure to sai nozzle. for injecting said li uid into the cylinder. a normally closed valve interposed between the fluid pressure supply and said nozzle. means for actuating,` said valve to admit the press-nrc fluid tothe nozzle, actuated by and iti timed relation with the engine.

lu. in an inteiinal combustion engine provided with a cylinder and ston and charge 'forming and ignition iniicllli ism, an in'ector nozzle ciminunicating with the eylin er, means` independent ol mei-ha nisin for supplying a quantity of liquid to said nozzle. means separate from and independent ol' the liquid supplying means, for supplying iluid pressure to said nozzle, for iiijeetin; lr said liquid into the cylinder, a normally closed valve interposed between the fluid pressure suppl)Y and said nozzle, means for actuating said valve to admit pressure fluid to the nozzle, b v and in timed relation with the engine, and means for varying the timing r of said valve actuating means,

l1. ln an internal combustion engine provided with a cylinder and piston and charge formingr and ignition mechanism, an in'ector nozzle communicating with the chvlin er, means independent of the charge forming mechanism tor supplyingr a quantity of liquid to said nozzle. means for supplying lluid pressure to said nozzle, for injecting said liquid into the cylinder. a normally closed ,i'alve interposed between the fluid pressure supply and said nozzle. electromagnetic means for actuating,r said valve to admit the pressure fluid to the nozzle, an electric circuit :for said electromagnetic actuating means, includingr normally open con` tarts and means operating in timed relation with the shaft of the engine for closing the said circuit. "I

12. In an internal combustion engine provided iiith a cylinder and piston and charge forming and ignition mechanism, an in'ector nozzle communicating with the cvlmder, means independent of the charge forming mechanism for supplying a quantity of the charge forming 9 iiig marina iin-hiding iiiiimsi'lly open Contziits, :i xiii anziani-wl iii tiincd'i'claiioii with tlii` i-iigiiw iwi' rinsing `mid iiiiiiws. mill nwaiiis fui :iiiiiftiiigf craiiil min witli iL 5pP t to th? viali fit ilie cisl-ima in vary Iii? time (if 0piii'iziiiiii fil iliv injcetni,

lll. Viii :in minimal miiiliiistiun enginv pri viilwl n'ili :i cylinder and iiistuii and Charge iiirming inkl igiiitinn mechanism, an iiijeitnr naamw l yiriiiiiiiiiiiiii'iiig with the eylinder, meann inilviwnient (if the charge forming iiiecliniiisiii for supplying ii quantity 0f liquid tu sziil linz/,zien means for supplying tu said nozzle, fm" injecting inta lle vlinden a nfiiriiiilly iiitei'pnvil between the fluid irs supply' :mil nl niizzlfl. electromng- 'f u iiiiei fm' actuating si valve to mi iiissiii'e fluid tu the nmz/ile. ai; ulm cuil ffii' said elevtrumagiietic actuanimma@ ii'ii'lluiliiig normally Open conai mail: iiiileiwiideii; mc the ignition mechanism-i f'ii closing Said contacts, and means; fui' 'fialiiisiiiigg said cum with respect to said igiiiiiiiii niculiiinisrn, tu vary the op eraliii ni he injffctnr with iespec to the time ntini.

14%, in internal combustion engine pro vided with a cylinder and piston, and chai-ge forming and ignition mechanism, an inje1'-- tor nozzle i-ommunicatin with the cvlinder, means inilnpeneleni of Le charge arming mephiinisiii im' supplying i: quantity nf liqu'fi to iniziale. means fm" supplying iii piissii iS-aifl nnzzle for injecting Said liquid into the Cylinder, :i normal i? wird valve interposed between the prnssui iii'fi'ilf.' and said iiniile, electromagnetic uw iis fm* actuating snif?. vulve t admit the pivsm liiiil tf.: {lie-V iniziale.7 ail Bliilic iiciiit fm :wifi limii:iiiniiieii aitiniting means :inni invaiis ripe-a lili ii; tin 4 ientinii with tlm ifiininn im* :inning- Saiil any-cuit,

f lii mi iiitlfi'niil *niiiliilstieii'i engine i'iii' *a'iiiid witli 1i wliiidi and piston and Charge farming :imi ignition mechaiii'iii, im iujeii'- iiiiniziale wiiiiiuinicatirig with thiy cylinder, niuniis iiiiliiiienilent of the ifliarge forming j *i m for Siipgilying a. quantity of liquid in Sani iniziale. means for supplying Siiiil izseiwiiiv in said iiozzlefui* injecting Said liquid into tha Cylinder, a noiriiialli1 flneii vulve inlei'pned between the pressiiin supply and Sajvl nozzle, electromagneliv. means fm' :fifuuiiig said valve to :iflii'iii tlm pressure Enid to the nozzle. an electric cuit for said electromagnetic, actuating Il?, i'i :iii iiilifliial iriiiiliiiatiuii vimini' iwi vided wili i i'yliiirlvi unil iriliiii :i iviitfi juf-liet for will ivlinlliiz :mil vlizii'g@ fiiiiiiiiiy; miel igiiiinn iiivrliaiiisni. :in iiiii-i-lui iiiizzln ioiiiiiiiiiiiiziting willi llie i'yliiiilei'` :i :mine-f limi iiitiwvii miel iiijiftiii iiiizzilv ziiiil lim water ian-kilt for supplying limiti-l wiiii in siiiil hija-vini: :i flliiil liiissiiiv supply Il `miil iiiizzliy iiiirniiilly Clust-il failii viiiitihliiigl will fliiiil im 'mw supply. :iii vlwtrwiinng nvt ii' flivifgi? fm* ripwiitiiig said i-iiliv i peg-ii tliil miniem ein Flin-tri@ firciiit fm' said felix-Clim niafgiiiltif iii-tiizilingf i'li'li'ii's. including noir mally svpiiiialvc cuiitacw. :mil [naam iiivrzib ingr iii timifl rliition with lli@ oniriiw im* closing :sind ifcintiictfi.

l?. iii iiiefiinil criiiibustimi murine liiiv ing :i cylinder and pisi'nn` mill wlmi-gi iufm ing: and igiiitiiin iiieifliaiiism, im iiijwtm' rinzA 'file c -fiiiiiiiimivzitiiig with siiiil viiii'iiln a measuring! rl'iziiiilii' miiiiw lvil will; @n1-l inm- :glin iiiiiins iiieleperiilent nf tlie ilisiipr imm ing iiiiiclizfiiisiii for Supplying liiifiiil m Siiiel invzifiuriiig i-hziii'ilivix a movable Iii toii vziwi iii Said in figuring cliaiiiliei. means fiii supplying im ire to Said nuziali:` riwi'iiii'illy -iflnsiil iii* will piim valve. a spying for lwldiiigf icr'iiil piston valve iii posinii in close sziirl pissiiie supplying: malins, find iiiilmis fipviiitwl iii timmil ielzitioii willi tlif* naine ffii moving .sniil pif'ilrin i'iiliil, to fiiiwi lin nizissiivil qiliiiitit;l ui' li'iiiiil iiilii -nfl muzzle?. unil @Htiililisli miiiiiilriiiriitifiii livlwvvii said pressure :iiipplyiiig riiiliiiis :mil Siiiil f:inf/ll, in iniwt mi!! nivnNuwl quantity nf liquid iut@ tliv iggiiituel ulizirgf in tlw v vliiiiiigi` EK liz :iii iiivi-iizil vriiiiliiiwtiwii vimini lim'- lli) 

